The chassis domain is related to vehicle motion and consists of the drivetrain, running gear, steering system and braking system. As vehicles become increasingly intelligent, among the three core systems of intelligent vehicles — perception and recognition, decision and planning, and control and execution — the one closest to the automotive components industry is the control and execution side, namely drive control, steering control and braking control. This requires converting the chassis of conventional vehicles to x-by-wire for autonomous driving. An x-by-wire chassis mainly comprises five systems: steer-by-wire, brake-by-wire, shift-by-wire, throttle-by-wire and suspension-by-wire, among which steer-by-wire and brake-by-wire are the most core products for the autonomous driving execution side.